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*1-*34 (Chap. 1 & 2)|| *35-*59 (Chaps. 3-6)|| *60-*95 (Appendices) ||
++++ middle of p. *95 through p. 99 in SOO 6 (s6_index.htm) | Contents |
Indexed pages include: (Chap. 1-all appendices).
References to people are indexed only for individuals that were directly involved in this issue. Papers, letters, or unpublished information by individuals are usually not indexed.
See Appendix I (p. 60) for alphabetized listing of common names with scientific names for animals mentioned.
Note that an indexed item may be cited more than once on each indexed page.
*=species is, or potentially, is a predator of juvenile coho or chinook.
A
ADC--see Animal Damage Control Program
Albacore *............38, 60
Anchovy, Northern.....38, 60
Animal Damage Control Program (ADC)..10-12, 25-26, 30, 54, 77-78
Aquaculture, Private--see Private Hatcheries
Aquaculture, State--see Oregon Dept. Fish and Wildlife, Hatcheries
Audubon Society.......56
Auklet, Rhinoceros *..37, 60
B
Barging--see Smolts, Barging
Bass, Smallmouth *....60-61
Bass, Striped *.......24, 36-37, 45, 60
Beached Bird Stomach Analysis..74
Biologists vs. Nonbiologists..58
Bird Control--see Cormorant spp., Control or Harassment
Birds, Daily Food Intake--see Cormorant spp., Daily Food Intake
Bloody Froth..........27
Boe, Jason............13, 56, 58-59
Bounties..............9
Brant.................41-44, 53, 60, 68
Abundance of.....44, 68
Buffer Prey...........51
Bufflehead............42, 44, 60, 68
Abundance of.....44, 68
C
California Sea Lion--see Sea Lion, California
Carrying Capacity of Ocean..17, 33, 51, 71
Catches, Fishermen Affected by
Dependence on Hatchery Fish..27, 33, 71
Destruction of Wild Fish..33
Drift Nets..32, 34
Effort--see Fishermen, Fishing Effort
Foreign Fisheries..32
Habitat Destruction..33
Harvest Rates..17, 72
Increased Number of Smolts Released..17, 33, 51
Ocean Conditions..33
Predators...17, 24, 32, 34-36, 59, 70
Price of Salmon..33
Quotas......32
Regulations.32
Season Length..17
Stream Flows..33
Treaties....32
Statistics.......15-24, 32, 59, 64-67
Central Oregon--see Cormorant spp., Predation, Central Oregon
Cod, Pacific *........38, 60
Compensatory Predation--see Predation, Compensatory
Confer, Kathleen......27, 34, 76
Conservation, Variable Definitions of..54
Coot, American........44, 60
Abundance........44
Cormorant spp. *
Control or Harassment..9-14, 24, 30-32, 34-37, 40-42, 45-47, 52-53,
70, 76-83
1985 Control..10-11, 77
1988 Control..10-12, 78
1989 Control..13
Arguments Against Control
Aesthetic Costs..40, 45
Alternatives to Control..40, 47-51
Compensatory Predation..36
Conducted by Private Citizens..36, 40, 52
Economic Costs..14, 36, 40
Effects on Other Wildlife..36, 41-42, 52-53
Effects on Tourism..40, 45
Encourages Illegal Shooting..46
Inconsistent Predator Policy..45
Monitoring..12-13, 40, 52, 57, 81
Not Correlated with Fishermen's Catches..24, 34
Predation May Be Beneficial..40-41
Public Safety..40, 45
Evidence That Control Worked..30-31, 82-83
Guidelines to Control..35, 52-53
Illegal Control or Harassment..11, 13
Justification of Control..35-36, 46
Lack of Supervision of Control..12, 52
Daily Food Intake of Cormorants (and other fish-eating birds)..25-29,
73-75
Foraging Time of Cormorants..25-26, 28
Pellets, Casting of..74
Predation Location
in Central Oregon..9-10, 14, 47, 56
in Tillamook County..11, 24-30, 36-37, 40, 47, 54-55, 70,
76-78, 81-83
Outside of Oregon..9, 28, 59, 72
Predation May Be Beneficial..40-41
Webbed Feet of Cormorants & Perching in Trees..55
Cormorant, Brandt's *..11, 24, 26, 28-30, 37, 60, 70, 78
--also see Cormorant spp.
Cormorant, Double-crested *..9-11, 24-29, 37, 47, 55, 59-60, 73, 78
--also see Cormorant spp.
Cormorant, Great......28, 60, 72
Cormorant, Pelagic *..24, 26, 28-29, 37, 60, 73, 78
--also see Cormorant spp.
Corvallis Audubon Society..56
Covering Ponds to Reduce Predation..40
Cover to Protect Smolts--see Smolts, Cover to Reduce Predation
Crab, Dungeness.......45-46, 60
Crab, Red Rock *......37, 60
Cracker Shell--see Shell, Cracker
Croaker, White *......38, 60
D
Daily Food Intake of Fish-eating Birds--see Cormorant spp., Daily Food
Intake
Density-Dependent Survival of Coho..51
Dogfish, Spiny *......38, 60
Dolphin, Pacific White-sided *..38, 60
Dowitcher, Short-billed..43, 60
Drift Nets............32, 57
Duck, Harlequin *.....37, 60
Duck, Ring-necked.....44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Duck, Ruddy...........44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Duck, Wood............44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Dunlin................43, 60
E
Eagle, Bald...........9, 25, 41, 43, 53, 56, 60
Abundance of.....43
Egret, Great *........38, 60
El Nino...............33, 52, 62
--also see Ocean Conditions
Emetic................74
Environmental Groups..56-57
Erickson, Jim.........11-14, 24-28, 30-31, 34, 56, 58-59, 79-83
F
Falcon, Peregrine.....41, 43, 60
Abundance of.....43
Fish-eating Birds, Daily Food Intake--see Cormorant spp., Daily Food Intake
Control or Harassment--see Cormorant spp., Control or Harassment
Fishermen *
As Smolt Predators..37, 50
Beliefs about Quality of Fishing..16, 24, 54, 59
Beliefs about Salmonid Management..15, 54, 71, 83
Beliefs about Smolt Predators..9-10, 24-32, 36, 54, 56, 58-59, 70,
81-83
Beliefs about Cormorant Harassment..13-14, 30-31, 36, 56, 58-59, 81-83
Beliefs that Fishing is Deteriorating..16, 24, 59
Catch Statistics--see Catches, Fishermen, Statistics
Catches, Factors Affecting--see Catches, Fishermen, Affected by
Conflicts Among..15-16, 24, 71
Definition of "Wildlife"..54
Fishing Effort..16-17, 21-23
Lengthening Seasons..17
Overfishing......15, 72
Quotas...........32
Regulations......17, 32, 37
Spread of Beliefs..34
Fishing Guides........12, 15-16, 24, 40
--also see Fishermen
Fishing Regulations--see Fishermen, Regulations
Fish Otolith--see Otolith, Fish
Flounder, Starry *....38, 60
G
Gadwall...............44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Gallino, Sam..........12, 81
Gill Nets--see Drift Nets
Goldeneye spp. ......44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Goose, Canada.........42, 44, 53, 60
Abundance of.....44
Grebe, Horned *.......38, 41, 60, 68
Abundance of.....68
Grebe, Red-necked *...38, 41, 60
Grebe, Western *......38, 60
Greenpeace............56
Guidelines for Control or Harassment--see Cormorant spp., Control or
Harassment, Guidelines to Control
Guides, Fishing--see Fishing Guides
Guillemot, Pigeon *...37, 60
Gull, Bonaparte's *...37, 60
Gull, Glaucous-winged *..37, 60
Gull, Heerman's *.....37, 60
Gull, Ring-billed *...37, 60
Gull, Western *.......37, 42, 60
H
Hake, Pacific *.......37, 60
Hanneman, Rep. Paul...13, 24, 27, 56-58, 76, 79-80
Harassment--see Cormorant spp., Control or Harassment
Harbor Porpoise--see Porpoise, Harbor
Harbor Seal--see Seal, Harbor
Hatcheries, Private--see Private Hatcheries
Hatcheries, State--see Oregon Dept. Fish and Wildlife, Hatcheries
Hatchery vs. Wild Salmonids--see Salmonids, Hatchery vs. Wild
Hazing--see Cormorant spp., Control or Harassment
Hendrickson, Terry....34
Heron, Great Blue *...24, 37, 42, 46, 53, 56, 60, 74, 77
Herring, Pacific......38, 46, 60
House Bill 3185--see Oregon Dept. Fish and Wildlife
--see Oregon Legislature
I
Illegal Shooting or Harassment..10-11, 13, 46
K
Kingfisher, Belted *..9-10, 24, 37, 60
Kittiwake, Black-legged *..38, 60
Knot, Red.............43, 60
Krasnow, Lynne........57-58
L
Lamprey, Pacific *....37, 60
Lamprey, River *......37, 60
Legislature, Oregon--see Oregon Legislature
Lingcod *.............37, 46, 49-50, 60, 70
Liverman, Marc........56
Loon, Common *........38, 41, 50, 60, 68
Abundance of.....68
Loon, Pacific *.......37, 60
Loon, Red-throated *..38, 60
Lowe, Roy.............25, 37, 40-41, 43-44
M
Mackerel, Jack *......38, 60
Mallard...............42, 44, 53, 60
Abundance of.....44
Mammals, Marine--see Marine Mammals
Marine Mammals........9, 24, 28, 35, 37-38, 46, 52, 60, 70, 77
Merganser spp. .......9-10, 37-38, 44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Merganser, Common *...9-10, 37, 60
Merganser, Hooded.....10, 60
Merganser, Red-breasted *..38, 60
Merlin................41, 60
Migratory Bird Treaty Act..10, 24
Murre, Common *.......36-37, 51, 60, 70, 77
Murrelet, Ancient *...37, 60
Murrelet, Marbled *...37, 42, 60, 73
N
NMFS--see National Marine Fisheries Service
National Marine Fisheries Service..32, 52
Net Guns..............73
Net Pens--see Smolts, Net Pens
Nongame Animals.......28, 54
Northwest Steelheaders..15, 34
O
ODFW--see Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife
Ocean Carrying Capacity--see Carrying Capacity of Ocean
Ocean Conditions (Upwelling)..16-17, 33, 48, 62-63, 71 (also see El Nino)
Oregon Dept. Fish and Wildlife (ODFW)..9-17, 25-27, 29-32, 40, 45, 47-50,
52, 54-58, 61, 70-71, 77, 81, 83
Biologists vs. Nonbiologists..58
Hatcheries.......25-27, 29, 30-32, 47-50, 61, 77, 82
House Bill 3185..56
Public Relations..15, 17, 50, 54-55, 58-59, 71
Oregon Environmental Council..56
Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission..10, 12-14, 36, 41, 46, 79-81
Oregon League of Conservation Voters..56-57
Oregon Legislature
Background.......55
House Bill 3185..13-14, 27, 36, 40-41, 46, 54-59, 76, 79-80, 82-83
Involvement of Environmental Groups..56-57
Misinformation...14
Need for Fish-eating Bird Biologist..55
Noninfluence of Biological Data..58
Scientific vs. Nonscientific Arguments..58
Oregon Natural Resources Council..56
Oregon Trout..........15, 71
Osprey................56, 60
Otolith, Fish.........11, 73-74
Otter, River *........38, 60
Owl, Spotted..........55, 58, 60
P
PFMC--see Pacific Fishery Management Council
Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC)..32
Parks, Loren..........12-13, 16, 56, 58-59
Pelican, Brown *......24, 37, 41, 43, 60, 68
Abundance of.....68
Pellets, Casting--see Cormorant spp., Pellets, Casting of
Perch, Yellow *.......60-61
Pintail, Northern.....44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Plover, Semipalmated..43, 60, 69
Pollock, Walleye *....37, 60
Porpoise, Dall's *....38, 60
Porpoise, Harbor *....38, 60
Portland Audubon Society..56
Predation, Compensatory..36, 70
Predation, Significant..59, 70
Predator Control--also see Cormorant spp., Control
Criteria for.....35, 52-53
Effect on Catches..17, 24, 32, 34-36, 59
Use of Screens...40
Predator, Significant..59
Prey, Buffer--see Smolts, Buffer Prey
Private Hatcheries....47-51, 55, 61, 63, 71-72
Public Relations--see Oregon Dept. Fish and Wildlife, Public Relations
Puffin, Tufted *......38, 60
R
Regulations, Fishing--see Fishermen, Regulations
Rijken, Rep. Hedy.....57
Rockfish spp. ........37, 46, 60, 70
Rockfish, Black *.....37, 60, 70
S
STEP--see Salmon and Trout Enhancement Program
Sablefish *...........38, 60
Salmon, Atlantic......24, 28, 35, 47, 60, 62, 72
Salmon, Chinook *.....11, 15-19, 21, 23-24, 26-27, 29, 32-33, 36-39, 46,
60, 62, 66-67, 70
Catch Statistics....16-19, 21, 23-24, 66-67
Effects of Ocean Conditions..33
Effects of Water Flows..33
Fishing Effort...16-17, 21, 23
Hatchery vs. Wild--see Salmonids, Hatchery vs. Wild
Juveniles--see Smolts
Predator of Commercially Important Crabs and Fish..36-37, 39, 45-46,
70
Predator of Smolts..36-37, 39, 70
Residence Time of Smolts in Estuaries..26-27
Smolts--see Smolts
Salmon, Chum *........38, 60
Salmon, Coho *........9, 11, 15-19, 21, 23-33, 36-39, 45-49, 51, 55, 60,
62-65, 70-71
Adult Straying--see Salmon, Coho, Straying of Hatchery Adults
Catch Statistics..15-19, 21, 23-24, 64-65
Density-Dependent Survival..51
Effects of Ocean Conditions..33
Effects of Water Flows..33
Fishing Effort...16-17, 21, 23
Hatchery vs. Wild--see Salmonids, Hatchery vs. Wild
Jacks............30-32
Juveniles--see Smolts
Predator of Commercially Important Crabs and Fish..36-37, 39, 45-46,
70
Predator of Smolts..9, 24, 36-39, 51, 70
Residence Time of Smolts in Estuaries..26
Smolts--see Smolts
Straying of Hatchery Adults..48, 55, 71-72
Salmon and Trout Enhancement Program (STEP)..11-12, 16, 41, 52, 59, 72, 77
Unauthorized Involvement in Harassment..11-12
Salmonids, Hatchery vs. Wild..27, 33, 48, 51, 55, 61-62, 71-72
Definition of "Wild"..71
Disease..........72
Fisheries Supported by Hatchery Fish..27, 33, 71
Genetic Diversity..71-72
Increased Predation..72
Interbreeding....33, 55, 72
Ocean Carrying Capacity Greater for Wild..33, 51, 71
Overharvest of Wild Salmonids..72
Quality of Fishing..71
Smolts...........33, 61-62, 71-72
Straying of Hatchery Adults..33, 48, 55, 71-72
Swimming Ability..51
Sanddab, Pacific *....38, 60
Sandpiper, Least......43, 60
Sandpiper, Western....42-43, 60
Scaup spp. ..........42-44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Scaup, Greater........43, 60
Scientific vs Nonscientific Arguments..58
Scoter spp. .........37, 42-44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Scoter, Black *.......37, 42-43, 60
Scoter, Surf *........37, 60
Scoter, White-winged *..37, 60
Screening Ponds to Reduce Predation..40
Sculpin, Buffalo *....37, 60
Sculpin, Pacific Staghorn *..38, 60
Seal, Elephant *......38, 60
Seal, Harbor *........9, 28, 37, 46, 60, 77
Sea Lion, California *..9, 28, 37-38, 46, 60
Sea Lion, Northern *..9, 28, 37-38, 46, 60
Shark, Blue *.........38, 60
Shark, Soupfin *......38, 60
Shark, Thresher *.....38, 60
Shearwater, Short-tailed *..38, 60
Shearwater, Sooty *...38, 60
Shell, Cracker........11-12, 40-41, 45, 53, 82
Shell, Screamer.......12, 82
Shiprack, Rep. Robert..55
Shorebird Abundance...42-43, 69
Shoveler, Northern....44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Sierra Club...........56
Significant Predator..59
Smolts
Adapting to Salt Water..47, 49-50, 61
Barging..........47-48
Buffer Prey......51
Cost.............27-29, 54
Cover to Reduce Predation..33, 49-50
Critical Size for Survival--see Smolts, Undersized
Culling Undersized Smolts..48-49
Definition of Significant Predator..59
Diet.............49
Docks--see Smolts, Cover
Exercise.........51, 61
Feeding Ability After Release..49, 61-63
Feeding Methods at Hatcheries..49, 62
Habitat Destruction..33
Hatchery vs. Wild--see Salmonids, Hatchery vs. Wild
Holding in Net Pens After Release..47
Increasing Number of Smolts Released..17, 33, 51
Jumping..........24, 61
Learning About Predators--see Smolts, Predator Training
Marina Docks--see Smolts, Cover
Marina Lights....50
Net Pens.........47
Ocean Conditions..33, 62-63, 71
Parr Reversion...63
Predation of.....10-11, 24-30, 35-41, 47, 49-51, 57, 59, 61-63, 70,
72, 76-78, 81-83
Predator Training..49-50, 61
Release After Migration of Predators..51
Release Date.....50-51
Release Methods..47, 51
Release Time of Day..50
Residence Time in Estuaries..26-27
Screening Ponds..40
Significant Predator Definition..59
Size at Release..25, 29, 47-49
Smoltification--see Smolts, Adapting to Salt Water
Stream Flows.....33
Swimming Ability..51, 61
Teaching About Predators--see Smolts, Predator Training
Undersized.......47-49, 51, 63
Volitional Releases..51
Vulnerability....27, 29-30, 36, 40-41, 47, 49-52, 61-62, 70-72
Water Flows......33
Woody Debris--see Smolts, Cover
"Wrong-way"......47, 71
Sole, Petrale *.......38, 60
Sole, Sand *..........38, 60
Sowa, Rep. Larry......13, 56-58, 79-80
Squawfish, Northern *..60-61
Squid.................32, 46, 60
Steelhead *...........15-17, 20, 22, 24-27, 29-33, 36-37, 39, 45, 54,
59-60, 70, 76-78, 82-83
Catch Statistics..16-17, 20, 22, 24
Effects of Ocean Conditions..33
Effects of Water Flows..33
Fishing Effort...16-17, 22
Hatchery vs. Wild--see Salmonids, Hatchery vs. Wild
Jacks............30-32
Juveniles--see Smolts
Predator of Smolts..36-37, 39, 45, 70
Smolts--see Smolts
Stream Flows.....33
Stomach Pump..........74
Sturgeon, White *.....37, 60
T
Teaching Smolts About Predators--see Smolts, Predator Training
Teal, Green-winged....44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Tern, Arctic *........38, 60
Tern, Caspian *.......37, 42, 60, 68
Abundance of.....68
Tern, Common *........38, 60
Tillamook Anglers.....24, 34, 41
Tranquilizer Gun......73
Trout, Brook..........50, 60
Trout, Cutthroat *....27, 29, 36-37, 39, 45, 60, 70
Predator of Smolts..36-37, 39, 45, 70
Trout, Steelhead--see Steelhead
Turnstone, Ruddy......43, 60
USFWS--see U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
U
U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Animal Damage Control Program--see Animal Damage
Control Program (ADC) [ADC is now in the USDA, Wildlife Services]
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS)..10, 12, 25-26, 37, 40-41, 43-44, 52,
57, 78
Lack of Jurisdiction in Cormorant Harassment..10
Upwelling--see Ocean Conditions
V
Varoujean, Dan........57-58
Vickerman, Sara.......50
W
Wagner, Harry.........47, 50, 55-56, 61
Walin, Jo.............13, 46
Walleye *.............60-61
Webbed Feet of Cormorants Believed to Prevent Them
from Roosting in Trees..55
Whimbrel..............42-43, 60, 69
Abundance of.....69
Wigeon spp. .........44, 60
Abundance of.....44
Wild Salmonids--see Salmonids, Hatchery vs. Wild
Wildlife and Environmental Defense Network..57
Wildlife Defense NW...56
Wildlife, For Sale ? ..58-59
Wildlife, Variable Definitions of..54
Woody Debris--see Smolts, Cover
Y
Yaquina Birders and Naturalists..57
Yellowlegs, Greater...42-43, 60
*=species is, or potentially, is a predator of juvenile coho or chinook.
++++ Contents of SOO No. 6 ++++